Fig. 5
Amyloid β indirectly induces fungistasis of Candida albicans. a Clearance of C. albicans from brains of wild-type, app−/−, or 5xFAD mice after i.v. challenge with 25,000 viable cells over 10 days. b Schematic of in vitro fungistasis assay. c Aβ peptides 40 and 42 and scrambled peptide (50 μg/ml) were added to in vitro cultures of C. albicans (200 viable cells/ml) for 16 h and the effect on fungal growth inhibition as determined was assessed by percent fungal germination event (%FGE) inhibition. d BV-2 cells were pre-treated with the above peptides at 2 μg/ml for 6 h and then C. albicans (200 viable cells/ml) were added. Fungal inhibition was calculated same as above. e Supernatant from the medium in which BV-2 cells were pre-treated with Aβ peptides (d) was extracted and then C. albicans (200 viable cells/ml) were added and incubated for 16 h. f BV-2 cells were primed with Aβ peptides overnight and then washed three times to remove soluble Aβ peptides before addition of yeast cells. (n = 3 for c, n = 4 for a, n = 6 for d–f, mean ± S.E.M, *p < 0.01, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 using two-tailed Student’s t-test (a) or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparison (b–e). Data are shown as representative of four independent experiments.)
