Fig. 2
From: Spin current generation and relaxation in a quenched spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate
SDM of a bare or a dressed BEC. Select TOF images showing the bare spin and momentum compositions of atoms taken after applying spin-dependent synthetic electric fields Eσ with ΩF = 0 (bare BEC) in a and ΩF = 1.3 Er (SO-coupled BEC) in b, followed by various hold times (thold) in the dipole trap. The TOF images labeled by thold = −1 ms are taken right before the application of Eσ. The bare spin components (labeled by mF, with \(\left| \downarrow \right\rangle\) in red and \(\left| \uparrow \right\rangle\) in blue) are separated along the horizontal axis. The vertical axis shows the atoms’ mechanical momentum ħk along the SOC direction \(\left( {\hat y} \right)\). The color scale reflects the measured optical density (OD, see Methods). The total condensate atom number of the initial state at ΩI is Nc ~ (1–2) × 104 with trap frequencies ωz ~ 2π × (37 ± 5) Hz and ωx ~ ωy ~ 2π × (205 ± 15) Hz. The TOF images (and associated analyzed quantities presented later) are typically the average of a few repetitive measurements
