Fig. 8

Proposed model of ketamine associated activity at Drd1 cells in the mPFC. Antagonism of NMDA receptors on GABAergic interneurons produces a non-specific glutamate burst. Activation of Drd1 expressing pyramidal cells modulates activity in output structures. mPFC Drd1 cell projections to the BLA play a role in the antidepressant response to photostimulation and ketamine, but are likely not the only downstream targets of mPFC activation. Drd1 cell activity concurrent with D1r activation results in rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects. SST somatostatin, PV parvalbumin