Table 1 Physical and PL properties of F-CND/host nanocomposites

From: Controlling the fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence behaviour of carbon nanodots with inorganic crystalline nanocomposites

Mineral host

Density (g cm–3)

Relative RTP intensitya

ΦF (%)

ΦP (%)

Φtot(%)

\({\mathrm{\tau }}_1^{\mathrm{F}}\) (ns)

\({\mathrm{\tau }}_2^{\mathrm{F}}\) (ns)

\({\mathrm{a}}_1^{\mathrm{F}}\) (%)

\({\mathrm{a}}_2^{\mathrm{F}}\) (%)

τP b (ms)

\({\mathrm{\tau }}_1^{\mathrm{P}}\)c (ms)

\({\mathrm{\tau }}_2^{\mathrm{P}}\) c (ms)

\({\mathrm{\tau }}_3^{\mathrm{P}}\) c (ms)

\({\mathrm{a}}_1^{\mathrm{P}}\) c (%)

\({\mathrm{a}}_2^{\mathrm{P}}\) c (%)

\({\mathrm{a}}_3^{\mathrm{P}}\) c (%)

Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O

2.25

0.03

8.6

<0.1

8.6

3.45

0.47

5.6

94.4

ND

114.9

23.4

3.6

22.9

35.1

42.0

CaCO3 (Calcite)

2.71

0.13

6.8

0.3

7.1

3.27

0.56

11.0

89.0

127

102.7

34.0

2.9

50.2

40.7

9.1

SrCO3

3.78

0.22

3.2

0.6

3.8

2.76

0.46

6.6

93.4

110

82.3

26.1

5.3

42.8

23.2

34.9

BaCO3

4.3

0.84

0.5

1.3

1.8

2.26

0.39

3.2

96.8

72

54.7

26.7

7.9

28.9

61.1

10.0

Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2

6.5

>0.99

0.0

<0.1

<0.1

1.42

0.21

0.3

99.7

ND

3.6

0.4d

NA

100

NA

NA

CaCO3 (amorphous)

1.62

0.03

NC

NC

NC

2.90

0.46

7.5

92.5

130

104.0

35.6

6.7

41.3

48.9

9.8

CaCO3 (vaterite)

2.65

0.08e

NC

NC

NC

ND

ND

ND

ND

125

111.5

33.3

3.9

50.1

38.6

11.3

CaSO4·2H2O

2.31

0.13

7.2

0.6

7.8

2.14

0.31

1.0

99.0

121

95.7

30.4

2.3

43.7

32.5

23.8

SrSO4

3.95

0.72

1.7

2.9

4.6

2.13

0.37

3.6

96.4

90

82.4

32.8

7.1

38.1

48.7

13.2

BaSO4

4.48

0.98

0.0

2.2

2.2

1.38

0.25

0.9

99.1

73

48.7

19.9

3.9

38.9

53.6

7.5

CaC2O4·H2O

2.21

0.09

2.7

0.1

2.8

3.33

0.52

7.6

92.4

128

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

SrC2O4·H2O

2.85

0.18

0.3

<0.1

0.3

2.66

0.58

7.2

92.8

105

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

BaC2O4·0.5H2O

3.45

0.28

0.6

0.4

1.0

1.99

0.25

10.3

89.7

82

57.6

20.8

6.2

28.1

57.9

14.0

FolicCD (aqueous solution)

NA

0

11

0.0

11

4.81

0.59

13.4

86.6

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

FolicCD (dried from solution)

NA

0

NC

NC

NC

1.46

0.26

1.3

98.7

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

  1. Tabulated data of density, relative RTP intensity; and fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yields (Φ), lifetimes (τ), and pre-exponential factors (a)
  2. ND not detected, NA not applicable, NC Not calculated, F-CND folic acid-derived carbon nanodot, PL photoluminescent, RTP room temperature phosphorescence, SS-PL steady-state photoluminescence, TRPM time-resolved phosphorescence microscopy, PLIM phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
  3. aRelative RTP intensity is estimated from SS-PL spectroscopy
  4. bFrom video stroboscopy studies
  5. cFrom TRPM studies
  6. dTaken from PLIM data
  7. eEstimated from ‘polycrystalline’ sample
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