Fig. 1

ATLN-1 is required for ER invasion into dendrites. a A representative 3D-SIM image of ER (GFP::SP12) in wild-type PVD soma (A single focal plane is shown). The yellow arrow indicates the nuclear membrane and the white arrow indicates a tubular network. Scale bar, 1 μm. b A schematic picture showing that ER extends into some but not all 2° and 3°dendrites in PVD. Magenta lines represent PVD dendritic branches and green lines indicate ER distribution. c, d Representative confocal images of ER (GFP::SP12) and dendritic morphology of PVD neuron (ser-2P3::mCherry) in wild type (c) and atln-1(wy50080) mutant (d) at L4 stage. Arrows show PVD 2° branches without ER and arrowheads indicate PVD 2° branches with ER. Asterisks mark the PVD axon. Scale bars, 10 μm. e–h Representative ER morphology of PVD neuron in WT (e), atln-1 (f), atln-1; ser-2Prom3::atln-1 #2 (transgenic line #2) (g) and atln-1; ser-2Prom3::atln-1 ^K80A #1(transgenic line #1) (h) at adult stage. Scale bars, 10 μm. i, j Quantification of ER 2° branches number. Values are mean and error bars are SEM, n = 46 for each genotype. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001 (two-sided student’s t test and Tukey’s multiple comparison test)