Table 3 Device peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) and photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) of our three generations devices during the course of material optimization

From: Efficient metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes with significantly improved light extraction on nanophotonic substrates

Device

TF EQE

P1000 EQE

EQE enhancement factor

TF PLQY

P1000 PLQY

Material engineering

1st generation

0.47%

2.38%

5.06

5%

4%

N.A.

2nd generation

3.72%

11.16%

3.00

40%

25%

Crystal pinning

3rd generation

8.19%

17.50%

2.14

85%

35%

Crystal pinning + long-chain additive