Fig. 2

Excited-state dynamics of NDTA, 2TPE-NDTA, and 2TPE-2NDTA in solution observed by ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy. a, b The fs-TRF spectra of NDTA obtained at time delay from 565 fs to 5.9 ns in THF after 400 nm excitation. Kinetic traces at 630 nm (black square) and solid lines (red) indicate the fitting trace to the experimental data points. d, e The fs-TA spectra of 2TPE-NDTA obtained at different time delays after 400 nm excitation. Kinetic traces at 730 nm (black square) and 630 nm (black triangle), solid lines (red) indicate the fitting trace to the experimental data points and the respective fit based on a global analysis with two exponential functions. g, h The fs-TA spectra of 2TPE-2NDTA at different time delays acquired after excitation at 400 nm. Kinetic traces at 726 nm (black square) and 629 nm (black triangle) and solid lines (red) indicate the fitting trace to the experimental data points and the respective fit based on a global analysis with two exponential functions. c, f, i Three-dimensional femtosecond transient emission and absorption spectra of NDYA2 (c), 2TPE-NDTA (f), and 2TPE-2NDTA (i). FL fluorescence, ΔOD = log \(\frac{{I_{100}}}{{I_{\mathrm{T}}(t,\lambda )}}\), I100 the light level measured through the sample before excited states are created, IT transmitted (probe) light through the sample