Fig. 1

Comparisons of glucose detection model in cascade reaction systems. a Glucose detection using enzymes: colorimetric detection of glucose using glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). b Glucose detection using a synthetic bifunctional nanozyme: photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of glucose with in situ production of H2O2 on AKCN (modified GCN). In situ H2O2 generated from glucose oxidation is subsequently supplied as a fresh reactant to mimic the peroxidase function as shown in a. Source data are provided as a Source Data file