Table 3 The odds ratios for HbAS in case-patients versus community controls
From: The indirect health effects of malaria estimated from health advantages of the sickle cell trait
Diagnosis | Proportion HbAS among cases (n/N, %) | OR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical syndromes | |||||
All cause hospital admission | 1791/18,293 (9.8) | 0.62 (0.56–0.68) | < 0.0001 | 0.62 (0.55–0.69) | < 0.0001 |
Neonatal conditions | 224/1839 (12.2) | 0.79 (0.67–0.93) | 0.005 | 0.79 (0.67–0.93) | 0.005 |
Malaria | 252/5560 (4.5) | 0.27 (0.23–0.32) | < 0.0001 | 0.26 (0.22–0.31) | < 0.0001 |
Severe malaria | 20/858 (2.3) | 0.14 (0.09–0.21) | < 0.0001 | 0.14 (0.09–0.22) | < 0.0001 |
Severe pneumonia | 54/500 (10.8) | 0.69 (0.52–0.93) | 0.014 | 0.70 (0.51–0.96) | 0.026 |
Very severe pneumonia | 1073/10,833 (9.9) | 0.63 (0.57–0.70) | < 0.0001 | 0.64 (0.56–0.72) | < 0.0001 |
Meningitis/encephalitis | 294/3073 (9.6) | 0.60 (0.52–0.70) | < 0.0001 | 0.60 (0.50–0.72) | < 0.0001 |
Severe malnutrition | 166/1594 (10.4) | 0.66 (0.56–0.80) | < 0.0001 | 0.67 (0.55–0.83) | < 0.0001 |
Gastroenteritis | 378/3416 (11.1) | 0.71 (0.62–0.81) | < 0.0001 | 0.72 (0.61–0.86) | < 0.0001 |
Other | 204/1273 (16.0) | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 0.32 | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) | 0.41 |
Laboratory features and outcomes | |||||
Bacteremia | 98/952 (10.3) | 0.66 (0.52–0.82) | < 0.0001 | 0.69 (0.54–0.88) | 0.003 |
Malaria blood film positive | 384/7606 (5.0) | 0.30 (0.27–0.35) | < 0.0001 | 0.30 (0.26–0.35) | < 0.0001 |
Malaria blood film negative | 1407/10,687 (13.2) | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.004 | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | 0.011 |
Severe anemia | 80/1469 (5.4) | 0.33 (0.26–0.42) | < 0.0001 | 0.35 (0.27–0.46) | < 0.0001 |
Transfused | 80/1623 (4.9) | 0.30 (0.23–0.38) | < 0.0001 | 0.32 (0.25–0.41) | < 0.0001 |
Died | 113/1087 (10.4) | 0.66 (0.54–0.82) | < 0.0001 | 0.69 (0.55–0.88) | 0.002 |
