Fig. 1
PD-1 engagement inhibits viral production in CD4+ T cells from untreated HIV-infected individuals. a Relative viral production measured by p24 release in 3-days culture supernatants of CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV-infected untreated individuals and stimulated through the TCR in the presence or absence of PD-L1 (means and standard deviations from n = 5 donors). p Values were obtained from paired t test analysis. b Same as in a with p24 measurements at day 3, 6, and 9 in CD4+ T cells supernatants from a representative donor. c Relative viral production measured by p24 as in b (means and standard deviations from n = 5 donors). p Values reflect differences between the PD-L1 and isotype control conditions and were obtained from paired t test analysis. d Viral production normalized to the CD3/CD28 condition measured by RT-PCR in supernatants of sorted PD-1+ and PD-1− TTM cells subjected to stimulation as in a (means and standard deviations from n = 4 donors). p Values were obtained from paired t test analysis. e Luciferase activity (normalized to the CD3/CD28-isotype ctrl condition) in CD4+ T cells transfected with an LTR-luciferase reporter construct and stimulated as in a (means and standard deviations from n = 7 independent experiments). p Values were obtained from paired t test analysis. Source data are provided as a Source Data file
