Fig. 2

Origin of vertical phase distribution in the Q-2D perovskite films. a Colloid size distribution of perovskite precursors in GBL:DMSO mixed solvents. The mole ratio of MAI-PbI2 is 1:1, presenting the target n is infinity. The mole ratio of BAI-PbI2 is 2:1, presenting the target n is 1. The mole ratio of MAI-BAI-PbI2 is 3:2:4, presenting the target n is 4. MAI-BAI-PbI2 + 3 v% HI denotes 3 vol.% HI is added into the precursor of MAI-BAI-PbI2 (3:2:4). Tydall effect photographs of the Q-2D perovskite precursors: b without or c with 3 vol.% HI addition. d PL spectra of Q-2D perovskite films (with or without acid addition) deposited on glass substrates excited from back side. e Schematic of phase distribution (small-n to large-n phase from substrate side to the top side) in Q-2D perovskite films on PEDOT:PSS and BrB-PEDOT:PSS substrates