Fig. 6 | Nature Communications

Fig. 6

From: A small secreted protein triggers a TLR2/4-dependent inflammatory response during invasive Candida albicans infection

Fig. 6

Sel1 represents a novel fungus-derived PAMP for host immune response. Upon invasive infection, C. albicans encounter the hostile conditions, such as low ammonium and rich serum, which are widely present in the bloodstream and various tissue environments, therefore elevating Sel1 expression/secretion accordingly. Following its secretion, Sel1 can be sensed by both Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4), which are abundantly expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), leading to the activation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein 1) pathways, triggering the production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1, and chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands 1 and 2) to recruit and activate neutrophils and monocytes for fungal clearance

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