Fig. 3

Identification of different nitrogen oxides. a–c Extinction spectra of graphene in the presence of N2O, NO2, and NO, respectively. The rotational–vibrational modes are marked with vertical lines. d Extinction spectra of graphene in the presence of two gas mixtures, one consisting of SO2 and N2O, and the other of SO2, N2O, and NO2. The graphene ribbon widths in a–c were 80, 60, and 40 nm, respectively, with a filling factor of 90%, ΔVCNP of 30 V, and concentration of N2O of 8000 ppm, and NO2 and NO of 4000 ppm at 1 atm