Fig. 4
From: Inverse resource allocation between vision and olfaction across the genus Drosophila
Host navigation and courtship differences across Drosophila. a Molecular phylogeny for 59 species that includes the eye-to-funiculus trait (EF ratio), which is visualized by both dot size and color. Two statistical tests (Blomberg K and Pagel’s lambda) reveal that this sensory trait is not strongly supported by the phylogeny (K = 0.478, p = 0.041; λ = 7.102e−05, p = 1). We note large variance within subgroups, and across habitat or ecological niche. b There was a significant correlation between both male/female wing pigmentation and EF ratio after phylogenetic correction (p = 0.043 and p = 0.026, respectively), suggesting that larger eyes correlate with pigmentation, which is not explained by phylogeny. Also shown are courtship values for mating pairs within light/dark environments, where light-based courtship is strongly correlated with larger EF ratio after phylogenetic correction (p = 2.406e-07), suggesting larger eye ratios correlate with visual mating. Asterisk indicates new data from this study. All other data from refs. 81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92. c All 62 species arranged according to EF ratio, with wing pigmentation examples (standard deviation shown). d Diagram of behavioral assay used to test navigation of each species towards visual and olfactory objects. e–g Attraction indices for each species when stimuli were presented e together, f with odor alone, or g with visual target alone. While all species perform equally well when both odor and visual object are presented together, we observe a trend in behavioral preference where larger-eyed species perform more poorly in navigation towards odor objects when presented alone, but better towards visual objects, and vice versa for relative antennal size. (Data are provided at https://doi.org/10.17617/3.1D)
