Fig. 5

Tuning LSPR energies of ICO NCs via sequential cation-exchange reactions. a Proposed scheme for the sequential cation-exchange reactions. b UV–Vis–NIR spectra and c elemental composition determined by SEM-EDS analysis, and d powder XRD patterns for ICO NCs, Cu:ICO NCs and NCs obtained by reacting Cu:ICO NCs with In(ac)3 at different temperatures. e, f TEM images of NCs synthesized by reacting Cu:ICO NCs with In(ac)3 at (e) 150 °C and (f) 250 °C. Scale bars: 20 nm