Fig. 4
From: Photo-induced ultrafast active ion transport through graphene oxide membranes
Photonic nanofluidic devices. a Photonic ion switch (PIS). Asymmetric light illumination (~150 mW cm−2) on GO strip perfectly switches off the ion transport driven by an electric voltage (~7 mV). b Photonic ion diode (PID). Under alternating electric field, photo-induced active ion transport blocks the ionic current at one voltage polarity with ultrahigh rectification ratio up to 104. The polarity of PID depends on the illumination position. Error bars denote standard deviation. c Photonic ion transistor (PIT). Current–voltage (ISD–VSD) curves in dark and under light illumination. Light illumination is used as a photo-gate to control the ionic conductance between source and drain electrodes. d Transfer characteristics at VSD of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0 V. The electrolyte solutions were 1 μM KCl in (a)–(d)
