Fig. 3

Photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves relevant to the formation of [4]-helicene. a m/z = 228 and b m/z = 229. Black: experimentally derived PIE curves; blue: [4]-helicene (benzo[c]phenanthrene) reference PIE curve; cyan: 4-vinylpyrene PIE curve; yellow: overall fit. The overall error bars (gray area) consist of two parts: ±10% based on the accuracy of the photodiode and a 1 σ error of the PIE curve averaged over the individual scans