Fig. 3

Atomic structure analysis of Fe–NC SAC by XAFS and XPS. a Fe K-edge XANES spectra (inset: first-derivative curves), b Fourier transform of Fe K-edge EXAFS spectra, and c, Wavelet transform of the k3-weighted EXAFS data of Fe–NC SAC and reference samples (FePc and Fe foil). d N K-edge NEXAFS spectra and e, deconvoluted N 1s XPS spectra of Fe–NC SAC and reference FePc