Fig. 2

3D super-resolution capabilities. 2D-scanning of fluorescent nano-beads by speckles (a, b) allows 3D object reconstruction (d, e). Image reconstruction is achieved by plane-by-plane Wiener deconvolution thanks to the prior experimental characterization of the 3D-SPSF (c). Speckle images were taken under non-saturated (a, f) and saturated (b, i) conditions. By depositing fluorescent 100 nm-beads on a coverslip, a bead cluster could be observed to be only resolved under saturated conditions (k) and not by linear-excitation speckle imaging (h). Line profiles in (h, k) are plotted in (l) and compared to the profile obtained by deconvolved point-scanning imaging (Supplementary Fig. 12). Resolution is improved in the speckle imaging mode as compared to point-scanning mode and super-resolution is obtained under saturated excitation conditions. Axial resolution improvement is shown in m where an axial bead intensity profile is plotted both in the linear and in the saturated excitation regimes. In all images, NA = 0.77 and saturated images were recorded with an average saturation parameter 〈s〉 = 1.4