Fig. 5

Simultaneous extracellular recordings with wide-field Ca²⁺ imaging and behavioral tracking. a Schematic of implanted See-Shells with perforation over the primary somatosensory cortex allowing insertion of a multi-channel silicon-based neural probe. b Photographs of a Thy1-GCaMP6f mouse implanted with a perforated See-Shell taken during two experimental sessions. Red dashed lines indicate the outline of perforation. White circles indicate regions of interest (ROIs) analyzed for extracting Ca²⁺ traces. I-M1 ipsilateral primary motor cortex, I-S1 ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex, I-V1 ipsilateral primary visual cortex, C-M1 contralateral primary motor cortex, C-S1 contralateral primary somatosensory cortex, C-V1 contralateral primary visual cortex. Scale bars indicate 2 mm. c Simultaneously recorded disk, nose, and forelimb movements, aligned with Ca²⁺ activity traces in the ROIs indicated in b, and single unit spike raster plots recorded from the multi-channel silicon-based neural probe. Red raster plots indicate neurons with spike firing rates correlated with Ca²⁺ activity in I-S1. Individual points from each cell were slightly shifted in a randomized fashion in the y axis for ease of visualization. d Spike firing rates of two representative cells, with one that was correlated with Ca²⁺ activity in I-S1 (cell 9) and one that did not show correlation (cell 5). e Average action potential waveforms of the two cells shown in d. f Cross-correlation of firing rates of representative cells in d and Ca²⁺ activity in I-S1 with 95% confidence interval of cross-correlations with 1000 bootstrapped shuffled trials of the firing rate to determine significance