Fig. 1

Imaging v_1/5 phase borophene with bare and functionalized probes. a Bare-tip STM image of intermixed v_1/5 (colored blue) and v_1/6 (colored red) phase borophene. b A neighboring Ag(111) surface, where the angle between the HH rows of borophene (horizontal) in a and the Ag atomic chains is 30° as expected. c Schematic illustration of the rotational orientation of v_1/5 and v_1/6 phase borophene on Ag(111). The arrows mark the unit cells of the HH lattices in each phase. d Bare-tip STM image of v_1/5 phase borophene. e Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy on borophene with a CO-functionalized tip. f CO-AFM image of v_1/5 phase borophene. g Simulated CO-AFM image of v_1/5 phase borophene with overlaid atomic structure. h CO-STM and i dynamic CO-STM image of v_1/5 phase borophene. The red arrows in f, h, and i denote the unit cells corresponding to the HH lattice. V_s = −10 mV in a, 20 mV in b, 100 mV in d, −7 mV in h, and 15 mV in i. Scale bars, 2 nm in a, 1 nm in b, 2 Å in d, f, h, i