Fig. 2

Imaging v_1/6−30° phase borophene structures with bare and functionalized probes. Bare-tip STM images of a a v_1/6−30° phase borophene domain and b a neighboring v_1/5 phase borophene, where the HH rows in each phase are perpendicular (yellow arrows). c Schematic of v_1/6−30° phase borophene. d Bare-tip STM image of polycrystalline v_1/6−30° phase borophene with multiple 60° GBs (yellow arrows). e Bare-tip, f CO-AFM, g simulated CO-AFM, and h CO-STM images of v_1/6−30° phase borophene. The atomic structure is overlaid in g. i Bare-tip, j CO-AFM, k simulated CO-AFM, and l CO-STM images of a 60° GB within v_1/6−30° phase borophene. The atomic structure is overlaid in k. V_s = −3 mV in a, 4 mV in b, −34 mV in d, 9 mV in e, 4 mV in h, −34 mV in i, and 4 mV in l. Scale bars, 1 nm in a, 2 nm in b, 1 nm in d, 5 Å in e, f, h–j, l