Nature Communications

Table 2 Multiple regression analysis (objective value: (PS + 1))

From: Gut microbiome-derived phenyl sulfate contributes to albuminuria in diabetic kidney disease

	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
	Regression coefficient	95% CI		p	Regression coefficient	95% CI		p	Regression coefficient	95% CI		p
Log ACR^a	0.107	0.043	0.171	0.001	0.078	0.009	0.146	0.028	0.076	0.007	0.145	0.031
Age^a					0.009	−0.0001	0.018	0.053	0.009	−0.0004	0.019	0.061
Gender					−0.148	−0.333	0.038	0.119	−0.105	−0.303	0.092	0.297
BMI					−0.010	−0.032	0.013	0.395	−0.009	−0.034	0.016	0.488
SBP					−0.003	−0.009	0.003	0.337	−0.004	−0.011	0.004	0.345
HbA1c^a					−0.049	−0.138	0.040	0.280	−0.066	−0.159	0.026	0.161
Log eGFR					−0.350	−0.758	0.058	0.093	−0.285	−0.720	0.149	0.199
Duration^a									0.014	0.003	0.026	0.016
DBP									0.004	−0.008	0.015	0.520
ALT^a									0.007	−0.001	0.015	0.105
TC									0.001	−0.002	0.005	0.503
TG									−0.001	−0.002	0.001	0.432
HDL									−0.001	−0.008	0.007	0.890
UA									0.028	−0.033	0.090	0.368

Multiple regression analysis based on clinical factors as an independent examined by variance inflation factor (VIF) <10. PS was used as an independent variable factor. Model 1 (crude model), model 2 (adjusted by known factors: age, gender, BMI, SBP, HbA1c, log (eGFR))²³, and model 3 (full model, adjusted by model 2 plus fundamental clinical data in Supplementary Table 4 (DBP, ALT, TC, TG, HDL, and UA) were used.
*p < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Remaining variables after the stepwise method based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) in model 3 are depicted as *

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