Fig. 5

Multi-scale analysis of extracorporeal lung recovery. Macroscopic appearance: a photographic, b radiographic, and c thermographic analysis of lungs throughout 36 h of cross-circulation. Dotted line indicates the injured lung. d Average recorded surface temperature of injured and control lungs throughout 36 h of cross-circulation. e Difference in temperature (Δ) between hypothermic lung region and average temperature of surrounding pleura over 45 s of rewarming. Surface cooling and rewarming challenge: f thermographic image of lungs following contact with a conductive hypothermic probe (arrow), and g time lapse sequence of injured and control lungs during rewarming at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h of cross-circulation. Microscopic appearance: h H&E staining, i scanning electron microscopic, and j transmission electron microscopic analysis of injured lungs throughout 36 h of cross-circulation. Type I alveolar epithelial cell membranes disrupted at 0 h and restored at 36 h (arrows). Red blood cells (stars) shown in the alveolar space at 0 h and within a capillary at 18 h. k Bronchoscopic analysis of airways in injured and control lungs throughout 36 h of cross-circulation. l Lung injury scoring of injured and control lungs at 0, 18, and 36 h of cross-circulation. All graphs represent data from n = 8 lungs. All values represent mean ± standard deviation