Fig. 4
HIV coinfection disrupts macrophage control of Mtb and disrupts GM-CSF signaling. a One of two paired human MDM cultures was coinfected (infected with HIV and subsequently Mtb (Mtb + HIV)), while the other was infected with Mtb only. Uptake and growth of Mtb was compared using colony-forming units (CFU) at Day 1 and Day 5 post-infection, respectively. Error bars represent standard error from technical replicates. Comparisons made using a two-tailed t-test. Representative donor of four. b Mtb-infected macrophages were scored 5 days post-infection based on the percentage of transcriptional activity of the resident Mtb at various times post-infection. Dots represent data from an individual macrophage. Black lines represent the median. Comparisons made using the Mann-Whitney test. Representative of six donors. c Multiplex analysis of GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and TNFα secretion was measured and compared between uninfected, HIV only, Mtb-only and co-infected cultures at various times post-Mtb infection. d The secretion of GM-CSF 1 day post-infection was compared between paired Mtb-only and coinfected cultures. Three independent experimental donors are represented. Comparisons made using a paired two-tailed t-test. e Mtb-infected macrophages were scored 4 days post-infection based on the percentage of transcriptional activity of the resident Mtb and compared to paired co-infected cells, with or without treatment with GM-CSF. Dots represent data from an individual macrophage. Black lines represent the median. Representative donor of six. Comparisons made using the Mann–Whitney test. (ns = not significant, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). Source data are provided as a Source Data file
