Table 2 Characteristics of strong MHWs identified in the literature (1982–2016)
From: A global assessment of marine heatwaves and their drivers
Metrics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Typology | Case study | Marine Heatwaves (Refs. in SI) | Start date (>98%) | End date (<98%) | Max intensity [°C (Date)] | Max area >98% [Mkm2 (Date)] |
EBC | Benguela | 1982/83 1984 1995 2001 | 21/12/1982 8/3/1984 5/2/1995 21/3/1995 11/4/1995 27/4/2001 | 31/1/1983 12/3/1984 19/2/1995 1/4/1995 21/4/1995 20/5/2001 | 4.8 (22/1/1983) 4.6(9/3/1984) 4.7(7/2/1995) 5.7(22/3/1995) 6.7(16/4/1995) 5.3 (14/5/2001) | 1.4 (24/1/1983) 0.13(9/3/1984) 0.2 (17/2/1995) 0.3 (27/3/1995) 0.6 (17/4/1995) 0.7 (16/5/2001) |
Leeuwin | 1989 1999/2000 2011 2012 2012/13 | – – 8/2/2011 20/1/12 2/1/2013 | – – 23/3/2011 29/1/12 10/1/2013 | – – 6.8(26/2/2011) 5.1(28/1/11) 4.0 (2/1/2013) | – – 0.95(4/3/2011) 0.3 (17/1/11) 0.24 (5/1/2013) | |
Baja California | 1982/83 1997 2015/16 | 10/2/1983 14/11/1997 30/12/1997 10/2/1998 1/7/2015 | 5/3/1984 11/12/1997 14/1/1998 20/2/1998 2/1/2016 | 4.0(23/2/1983) 4.6(26/11/1997) 4.2(31/12/1997) 3.5(19/2/1998) 6.4(12/9/2015) | 0.12(24/2/1983) 0.37(6/12/1997) 0.39 (3/1/1998) 0.17(16/2/1998) 21.2(2/11/2015) | |
Iberian/Canary | – | – | – | – | – | |
Humboldt/Peru | 1982 1983 1997/98 | 23/8/1982 14/10/1982 26/11/1982 5/1/1983 30/5/1997 9/7/1997 3/9/1997 24/9/1997 25/11/1997 | 7/10/1982 18/11/1982 14/12/1982 24/7/1983 18/6/1997 25/8/1997 17/9/1997 17/11/1997 28/12/1997 | 4.2(10/9/1982) 3.9(16/11/1982) 5.5(11/12/1982) 9.6 (6/5/1983) 4.1(2/6/1997) 6.2(21/7/1997) 6.5(7/9/1997) 6.2(7/11/1997) 6.9(28/11/1997) | 2.1(29/9/1982) 0.25(16/11/1982) 1.0(9/12/1982) 4.4 (24/6/1983) 5.4(12/6/1997) 4.7(18/8/1997) 8.1 (4/9/1997) 7.0(26/9/1997) 4.1(5/12/1997) | |
WBC | East Australian Current Extension | 2016 | 7/12/2015 | 12/4/2016 | 7.5(8.2.2016) | 0.7(6/3/2016) |
Agulhas Retroflection | 1985 | 29/11/1985 | 5/12/1985 | 0.2(2/12/1985) | 5.7(29/11/1985) | |
Tropics | Great Barrier Reef/Coral Sea | 1998 2001/02 2015/16 | 9/2/1998 30/12/2001 28/2/2016 | 18/3/1998 15/1/2002 4/4/2016 | 3.4(4/3/1998) 3.3 (6/1/2002) 4.0 (15/3/2016) | 0.14 (5/3/1998) 0.5(8/1/2002) 2.6 (12/3/2016) |
Seychelles Is. | 1997/98 | 14/1/1998 14/2/1998 | 3/2/1998 22/2/1998 | 3.7(25/1/1998) 3.4(21/2/1998) | 0.4(18/1/1998) 0.9(18/2/1998) | |
Galápagos Is. (Eq. Pac) | 1982/83 1987 1992 1997/98 | 5/5/1983 – – 14/7/1997 | 31/7/1983 3/6/1998 | 9.56(6/5/1983) 6.9(28/11/1997) | 4.7(5/6/1983) 11(9/11/1997) | |
Bay of Bengal | 2010 | 4/5/2010 | 6/6/2010 | 3.4(15/5/2010) | 1.1(14/5/2010) | |
Caribbean Sea | 1982/83 1987/88 1989/90 | – – – | – – – | – – – | – – – | |
MHL | Mediterranean Sea | 1999 2003 | – 6/9/2003 8/8/2003 | – 16/7/2003 4/9/2003 | – 5.5(14/6/2003) 4.6 (29/8/2003) | – 0.5(16/6/2003) 1.2(23/8/2003) |
Bering Sea | 1997 | 31/5/1997 | 27/6/1997 | 5.1(12/6/1997) | 0.05(4/6/1997) | |
Northwest Atlantic Ocean | 2012 | 18/3/2012 17/4/2012 19/5/2012 21/6/2012 19/9/2012 31/10/2012 | 25/3/2012 28/4/2012 31/5/2012 10/9/2012 13/10/2012 27/11/2012 | 10.3 (23/3/2012) 5.4(17/4/2012) 7.5(23/5/2012) 9.2(6.7/2012) 6.1 (8/10/2012) 8.1(27/11/2012) | 0.3(22/3/2012) 0.3(25/4/2012) 0.2(26/5/2012) 0.1(1/8/2012) 0.3(8/10/2012) 0.2(3/11/2012) | |
Northeast Pacific Ocean | 2013–2015 | 14/11/2013 28/7/2014 | 30/6/2014 31/8/2015 | 4.8(3/6/2014) 6.7(28/6/2015) | 4.5(17/1/2014) 11.7(15/2/2015) | |
South Central Pacific Ocean | 2009/10 | 9/11/2009 | 2/3/2010 | 6.0(24//12/2009) | 3.9(25/12/2009) | |
