Fig. 5

Dimensionless interfacial flux q̇̅″ as a function of the dimensionless driving potential ΔP/P₀. The red triangles, dark blue squares, and orange circles represent the experimental data in saturated vapour for P_v = 2.65 kPa with T_v = T_sat = 22.0 °C, P_v = 4.92 kPa with T_v = T_sat = 32.6 °C, and P_v = 10.41 kPa with T_v = T_sat = 46.6 °C, respectively. The light blue pentagrams are for T_v = 42.8 °C, P_v = 5.33 kPa with T_sat = 33.7 °C and the yellow hexagrams are for T_v = 45.5 °C, P_v = 6.11 kPa with T_sat = 36.5 °C. Note that the light blue pentagrams are also for a sample with a different porosity (≈0.23) and pore diameter (≈106 nm). The green dashed line, black dashed line, and blue dashed line are from the DSMC simulation with σ = 0.1, 0.31, and 0.5, respectively. The black solid line and black dotted line are from the HK equation and Schrage equation, respectively, both with σ = 0.31. The horizontal error bars originate from the uncertainties in temperature and pressure measurement (see Supplementary Notes 5 and 6). The error bars in q̇̅″ are smaller than the symbol size