Fig. 3

Lipidomic analysis of Blimp1-YFP⁺ cell-derived organoids. a Blimp1-YFP⁺-derived organoid grown for 14 days. Lipids are stained with Oil red O (ORO). b Sebaceous gland (SG) sample base peak chromatogram. Lipids specifically abundant in the three SG-like samples: (1) extracted SGs (denoted SG), (2) Blimp1⁺ cell-derived organoids (SG Org), and (3) 2D-grown Blimp1⁺ cells (Blimp1) are marked in red [n = 3 independent biological samples]. Several most abundant lipids are marked blue. c Representative mz/rt map for triacylglycerides (TGs) peak positions across all superimposed LC/MS samples. Each dot represents the center of a peak group for an identified TG compound. Arrows join peaks separated by mass difference of C₂H₄ fragment (5 ppm mass precision) sharing the same number of double bonds. d Normalized intensities of lipid compounds identified in the samples. Eighteen columns are arranged by unsupervised hierarchical clustering, while rows are composed according to k-means clustering outcome (three clusters: SG/SG-Org/Blimp (cluster I; red), epidermis/SG/SG-Org (cluster II; green), and epidermis/HEK293T cells (HEK)/brain (cluster III; blue). For each sample type, three biological replicates were analyzed. e PCA loadings plot shows three major directions identified among samples accounting for 75% of total variance. The main effect is associated with SG features, where loadings are close between SG, SG Org, and Blimp1 samples. The second strongest effect is epidermis-like profile, where loadings are close between epidermis and SG features. f Density plot of PCA scores shows separation of total lipidome into two major groups of compounds: SG-specific and the rest of the lipids, as highlighted by color. Density of scores shows non-continuous distribution supporting distinct lipidome profiles for the denoted groups of samples. Scale bar: 50 μm (a)