Fig. 3

Contextual modulation of pDSGC Off response is mediated by direct inhibition onto SACs. a Schematic diagrams show the GABAergic synaptic connections in control, Vgat cKO and Gabra2 cKO mice. b Example pDSGC Off spike traces from a Vgat cKO mouse and a Gabra2 cKO mouse. c Scatter plots compare pDSGC Off firing rate in Vgat cKO mice during uniform grating and compound gratings. Direction-contrast vs uniform grating: n = 17 cells from 11 mice, ***p < 0.001; Phase-contrast vs uniform grating: n = 16 cells from 10 mice, *p = 0.039 (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). d Same as c, but for Gabra2 cKO mice. Direction-contrast vs uniform grating: n = 21 cells from 9 mice, p = 0.065; Phase-contrast vs uniform grating: n = 20 cells from 9 mice, p = 0.88. e, Summary graphs compare CMI of pDSGC Off response in control, Vgat cKO and Gabra2 cKO mice. CMI of direction-contrast: Kruskal–Wallis test, ***p = 0.0004. Wilcoxon rank-sum test with Bonferroni correction: Control vs Vgat cKO: p = 0.028; Control vs Gabra2 cKO: *p = 0.019. CMI of phase-contrast, Kruskal–Wallis test: *p = 0.024. Wilcoxon rank-sum test with Bonferroni correction: Control vs Vgat cKO: p = 0.40; Control vs Gabra2 cKO: *p = 0.015. f Summary graph compares SI of pDSGC Off firing rate during uniform grating stimulus between control, Vgat cKO and Gabra2 cKO mice. Kruskal-Wallis test: **p = 0.0012. Wilcoxon rank-sum test with Bonferroni correction: Control vs Vgat cKO: p = 0.041; Control vs Gabra2 cKO: *p = 0.020. g Schematic shows the synaptic connections involved in contextual modulation in the Off pathway of the direction selective circuit (yellow filled rectangle). h Connectomic reconstruction of wide-field amacrine cells (WACs) presynaptic to Off SACs. Off SACs are colored in grey, while Off WACs presynaptic to Off SACs are colored in green, yellow-green and yellow. Balls represent somas. (Modified from Ding et al.²³, Extended Fig. 4d). See also Supplementary Fig. 4 for Off EPSC of pDSGCs in Vgat cKO and Gabra2 cKO mice