Fig. 2

Distribution and habitat preferences for dominant fungal phylotypes. Relative abundance (mean ± SE) of dominant phylotypes across (a) boreal (n = 3), cold forests (n = 18), cold grasslands (n = 22), dry grasslands (n = 42), dry forests (n = 60), grasslands (n = 41), shrublands (n = 15), temperate forests (n = 27), and tropical forests (n = 7), and (b) continents. Biome classification followed the Köppen climate classification and the major vegetation types found in our database. Grasslands include both tropical and temperate grasslands. Shrublands include polar, temperate, and tropical shrublands. c Network diagram with nodes (fungal phylotypes) coloured by each of the three major ecological clusters (i.e., mesic in purple, forests in yellow, drylands in red) that were identified, highlighting that phylotypes within each ecological cluster tend to co-occur more than expected by chance. d Relationships between the relative abundance of the phylotypes assigned to each ecological cluster and their major environmental predictors. e Predicted global distribution of the relative abundances of the three major ecological clusters of fungal phylotypes sharing habitat preferences for drylands, forests and mesic ecosystems. We found a positive (Spearman) correlation between predicted and observed data for drylands (r = 0.47; p < 0.001), forests (r = 0.32; p < 0.001) and mesic (r = 0.61; p < 0.001) ecosystems. The scale bar represents the standardised abundance (z-score) of each ecological cluster