Fig. 2

Early vaccination with GAd effectively controls tumor growth. a Mice (n = 8–10/group) were vaccinated with GAd-CT26-31; 2 weeks after immunization, CT26 cells were injected s.c. and tumor growth was monitored over time. Tumor volume measured 28 days post inoculation in GAd versus untreated (mock) mice is shown (two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test; ****p < 0.0001). b Mice (n = 8–10/group) were inoculated i.v. with CT26 cells (day 0) and left untreated (mock) or vaccinated with GAd-CT26-31 at day 3. The number of lung nodules counted at day 16 is shown (two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test; **p < 0.01). c Treatment with GAd vaccine started at day 0, on mice randomized according to tumor volume (mean 70–100 mm³, n = 8/group). Tumor volumes determined over time for individual tumors are shown. (n.s., not significant by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test). d For analysis of immune responses in mice with established tumors, TIL or splenocytes were isolated from untreated or GAd-CT26-31-vaccinated groups and pooled (n = 4). The percentages of IFN-γ⁺ CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells measured upon peptides pool re-stimulation are shown. Data from a to d are representative of 2–3 independent experiments