Fig. 1

Time-dependent hippocampal damage after transient global ischaemia. a Experimental scheme. Mice were exposed to various time-points of TGI at 10, 20 and 30 min and then evaluated by open field test (OFT), grip strength test (GST), rotarod test (RT), Kondziela's inverted screen test (KIST) and Morris water maze (MWM). Measurements for b locomotor activity were performed by OFT (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.5604), c muscular strength by the GST (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.8167) and d motor function by RT (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.3309) and e KIST (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.9277). f Mean latencies to a hidden platform from the acquisition trials (RM two-way ANOVA, interaction: P = 0.4005, time: P < 0.0001***, treatment: P = 0.0691). g The latency to reach a hidden platform during the training tests on day 6 (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.0047**; post hoc Dunnett's test, Sham vs. TGI-10 min, P = 0.8035, Sham vs. TGI-20 min, P = 0.0493*, Sham vs. TGI-30 min, P = 0.0181*). h The mean distance to reach a hidden platform (RM two-way ANOVA, interaction: P = 0.2621, time: P < 0.0001***, treatment: P = 0.9592). i The swim length to reach a hidden platform on day 6 (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.0141*; post hoc Dunnett's test, Sham vs. TGI-10 min, P = 0.6527, Sham vs. TGI-20 min, P = 0.0485*, Sham vs. TGI-30 min, P = 0.2347). j Representative path tracings from the probe trials on day 7. k The percentage of time spent in the target quadrant during the probe trial (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.0125*; post hoc Dunnett's test, Sham vs. TGI-10 min, P = 0.9758, Sham vs. TGI-20 min, P = 0.0159*, Sham vs. TGI-30 min, P = 0.0446*). l The total distance from the probe trials on day 7 (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.6342). m Representative images of the hippocampus (top) and CA1 area (bottom). The slices were stained with anti-NeuN (Green). Scaling bar: 250 μm (top), 50 μm (bottom). n Quantification of CA1 neurons by immunofluorescence as shown in (m), one-way ANOVA, P < 0.0001***, post hoc Dunnett's test (Sham vs. TGI-10 min, P = 0.8109, Sham vs. TGI-20 min, P < 0.0001***, Sham vs. TGI-30 min, P < 0.0001***). Sham (n = 8), TGI-10 min (n = 6), TGI-20 min (n = 9), TGI-30 min (n = 7). All data are displayed as means ± s.e.m