Fig. 2

Chronic social defeat stress aggravates TGI-induced hippocampal injury. a Experimental timeline. b Behavioural paradigm of repeated chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) experiments. c The social interaction ratio by social interaction (SI) test (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.0001***; post hoc Dunnett's test, Control vs. Susceptible, P < 0.0001***, Susceptible vs. Resilient, P = 0.0002***). Control (n = 19), Susceptible (n = 25), Resilient (n = 17). d The time in the interaction zone (two-way ANOVA, interaction: P = 0.0011**, phonotype: P = 0.5481, No target/Target: P = 0.5378; post hoc Dunnett's test, Control/No target vs. Control/Target, P = 0.9542, Susceptible/No target vs. Susceptible/Target, P = 0.0012**, Resilient/No target vs. Resilient/Target, P = 0.3180). e The immobility time of forced swimming test (FST) (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.0216*; post hoc Dunnett's test, Control vs. Susceptible, P = 0.0253*, Susceptible vs. Resilient, P = 0.0474*). f Spatial learning curves in MWM test (RM two-way ANOVA, interaction: P = 0.0091^**, time: P < 0.0001^***, treatment: P = 0.0063**). Control/Sham (n = 11), Control/TGI (n = 8), Susceptible/Sham (n = 14), Susceptible/TGI (n = 11), Resilient/Sham (n = 8) and Resilient/TGI (n = 9). g The latency on day 6 (two-way ANOVA, interaction: P = 0.1809, phenotype: P = 0.0581, treatment: P = 0.076; post hoc Dunnett's test, Control/TGI-10 min vs. Susceptible/TGI-10 min, P = 0.0336*, Susceptible/TGI-10 min vs. Resilient/TGI-10 min, P = 0.0303*). h Swimming distance during training session (RM two-way ANOVA, interaction: P = 0.6481, time: P < 0.0001***, treatment: P = 0.0004***). i The swimming length on day 6 (two-way ANOVA, interaction: P = 0.0688, phenotype: P = 0.1882, treatment: P = 0.0619; post hoc Dunnett's test, Control/TGI-10 min vs. Susceptible/TGI-10 min, P = 0.0293*, Susceptible/TGI-10 min vs. Resilient/TGI-10 min, P = 0.0498*). j Representative swimming traces on day 7. k The percentage of time spent in the target quadrant (two-way ANOVA, interaction: P = 0.0159*, phenotype: P = 0.2483, treatment: P = 0.2639; post hoc Dunnett's test, Control/TGI-10 min vs. Susceptible/TGI-10 min, P = 0.0095**, Susceptible/TGI-10 min vs. Resilient/TGI-10 min, P = 0.0499*). l Total distance during the probe test (two-way ANOVA, interaction: P = 0.9241, phenotype: P = 0.0542, treatment: P = 0.7465). m Representative fluorescent images of hippocampus (top, scaling bar = 250 μm) and a higher magnification CA1 area (bottom, scaling bar = 50 μm). n Quantification of surviving CA1 pyramidal neurons. Control/Sham (n = 6), Control/TGI-10 min (n = 4), Susceptible/Sham (n = 3), Susceptible /TGI-10 min (n = 9), Resilient/Sham (n = 6), Resilient/TGI-10 min (n = 6). Two-way ANOVA, interaction: P = 0.0045**, phenotype: P = 0.0004***, treatment: P < 0.0001***; post hoc Dunnett's test, Control/TGI-10 min vs. Susceptible/TGI-10 min, P < 0.0001***, Susceptible/TGI-10 min vs. Resilient/TGI-10 min, P < 0.0001***. All data are displayed as means ± s.e.m.