Fig. 1

Preparation and architectures of electrode materials. a Schematic illustrations of the preparation of acid-pretreated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) positive electrode, electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) negative electrode, and the assembly of aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor (AHEC), and GO represents graphene oxide. b, c SEM images of the PEDOT positive electrode with different magnification, respectively. d High-Angle Annular Dark Field TEM image of PEDOT positive electrode. e, f Top and cross-section SEM images of ErGO negative electrode, respectively. g Photo of the AHEC unit and various commercial aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs)