Fig. 1

A synergistic gene delivery system for the transfection of ADSCs and astrocytes. a Iterative optimization of the branched structure, biodegradability, and guanidinylation identifies the leading HPAESG with high biocompatibility, enhanced cellular penetrating ability, and DNA release controllability. b The leading HPAESG condenses MC DNA to formulate nano-sized polyplexes, which can enter cells with high efficiency. After escaping from endo/lysosomes, the polyplexes are disassociated by glutathione (GSH)-mediated cleavage to release DNA, allowing safe and efficient gene transfection of ADSCs and astrocytes