Fig. 4

Efficient remodeling of TSM by D-bLP-mediated photothermal effects. At 12 -h post injection of D-bLP, one tumor was exposed to 808 -nm laser at 2.5 W cm⁻² for 5 min, and the other one was not irradiated. These tumor tissues were collected at 4 h after laser irradiation for further measurements (a–e). a Variation of CAF and TAM populations in tumor with and without laser irradiation, scale bar, 100 µm. CAF were characterized by α-SMA⁺/CD31⁻ cells, which was denoted as cells with green signals, excluding red signals; TAM were presented as cells with green signals (F4/80). b Expression of collagen I and fibronectin in tumor with and without laser irradiation (green signals), scale bar, 100 µm. c Proportion of 4T1-GFP cancer cells (green signals) in tumor with and without laser irradiation, scale bar, 500 µm. d Histological examinations of tumors with and without laser irradiation by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, scale bar, 100 µm. Black arrow, karyopyknosis; red arrow, hemorrhage. e The quantified results of CAF, TAM, collagen I, fibronectin, and 4T1-GFP cancer cells in tumor with and without laser irradiation (n = 3). f Quantified variations of CAF, TAM, collagen I, fibronectin, and 4T1-GFP cancer cells in the D-bLP + laser-treated group at different time points after laser irradiation (n = 3). The data are means ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n.s. not significant (ANOVA and two-tailed Student’s t test)