Fig. 1
Preparation and characterization of CMCB. a Schematic illustration for the preparation of CMCB by extruding bacteria with cell membranes. b Representative TEM images of uncoated bacteria and CMCB. Scale bar, 1 μm. c LSCM images of EcN and CMCB. The red channel shows EcN producing mCherry, the green channel shows cell membranes conjugated with FITC-affinity anti-CD47-antibody, and the merge (orange) shows CMCB. Left mCherry, Middle FITC, Right merge. Scale bar, 10 μm. d Flow cytometric analysis of EcN and CMCB. e Growth curves of EcN and CMCB. Bacteria were cultured in LB medium at 37 °C and OD600 was measured at the indicated time points. f Bacterial viability analysis of EcN and CMCB by CCK-8 assays. Bacteria were incubated at 37 °C and viability was monitored by measuring OD450 at 1 h intervals. Error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3). NS no significance
