Fig. 2

The time of infection affect late-viral clearance, not early replication. Experimental design: after infecting mice at ZT23 or ZT11, viral titers were determined in the lungs harvested at serial time points, post infection. The time from infection to tissue collection was the identical for both groups. a Combined data for viral titers from 6 h to 10 day post infection (n = 5–12 mice per group, student's t test; *p < 0.05, ZT23 vs. ZT11; The data were pooled across 3–4 independent experiments). b Viral titers from ZT23 and ZT11 groups were determined at 48, 52, 60, and 64 h. c Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was also collected at the same time points as in panel b, quantified and the differential was determined by staining cytospin preparations. Data were compiled from 4 independent experiments for both panels b and c, including one from reverse LD cycles (total n = 6–8 per time point, two-way ANOVA; *p < 0.05 for time of infection, NS for time of dissection). d Right panel: the total BAL cell count on day 6 p.i. from mice who received either IAV or PBS at ZT23 or ZT11. The data compiled from three independent experiments (total n = 11–13 per time point, one-way ANOVA; *p < 0.05, ZT23 vs. ZT11). Left panel: differential of the BAL cells from both IAV-infected groups. e Viral titers from Bmal1^fl/flERcre⁺ mice and their cre⁻ littermates (treated as in Fig. 1e), and samples harvested on day 1, 2, 4, and 6 dpi. (total n = 4–9 per time point, two-way ANOVA; p < 0.05 for days after infection and N.S. time of infection i.e., CT11 vs. CT23. The data were pooled across four independent experiments). The data expressed as mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file