Table 1 Samples included in the different genome-wide association meta-analyses or the replication and validation

Study	Ancestry	90th percentile cases	99th percentile cases	All controls	Dead controls
Discovery
100-plus/LASA/ADC	European	373	301	2271	245
AGES	European	300		1001	466
CEPH^a	European	1234	1112	831
CHS	European	905	68	558	539
DKLS^a	European	960	610	1917
FHS	European	332		1444	539
GEHA Danish^a	European	451	127	900
GEHA French	European	271	81	358
GEHA Italy	European	182		184
HRS	European	361		3312	657
LLFS	European	1110	339	552	82
LLS + GEHA Dutch	European	1037	377	712
Longevity	European	548	271	584
MrOS	European	1171	82	386	320
Newcastle 85 + ^a	European	215		5159
RS	European	774	79	2965	1731
SOF	European	812	37	354	300
Vitality 90 + ^a	European	226		1995
Total		11,262	3484	25,483	4879
Replication
DKLSII^a	European	944	298	772
GLS	European	1613	1613	4215
Total		2557	1911	4987
Validation
UK Biobank	European	19,742	928	19,698
Trans-ethnic
CLHLS	East Asian	2178	2178	2299
CHS	African American	177		211
Total		13,617	5662	27,993

100-plus 100-plus Study, LASA Longitudinal aging study of Amsterdam, ADC Amsterdam dementia cohort, AGES Age/Gene Environment Susceptibility Study, CEPH CEPH centenarian cohort, CHS Cardiovascular Health Study, DKLS Danish longevity study, FHS Framingham Heart Study, GEHA Genetics of Healthy Aging Study, HRS Health and Retirement Study, LLFS Long Life Family Study, LLS Leiden Longevity Study, Longevity Longevity Gene Project, MrOS Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, Newcastle 85 + Newcastle 85 + Study, RS Rotterdam study, SOF Study of Osteoporotic Fracture, Vitality 90 + Vitality 90 + project, GLS German longevity study, CLHLS Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey
^aFor these studies, controls were provided by a separate cohort. Further details of the cohorts are provided in Supplementary Data 4

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