Fig. 9
HDACs/MYC–MiT/TFE axis in cancer and pluripotent stem cells. a Immunohistochemical analysis of MYC, TFE3, and HDAC2 in colon carcinoma samples. Regions marked by thick black arrows show that the nuclear expression of MYC and HDAC2 are common in subpopulations of neoplastic adenocarcinoma cells, especially at the invasive edges of the tumors. TFE3 appears to be more frequently localized to the cytoplasm in these same cells. Scale bar 25 μm. b MYC, TFE3, and HDAC2 expression levels in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of neoplastic cells were scored separately (n = 6 independent tumors). c–e Protein levels of (c) HDAC1, HDAC2, TFEB, and MYC, (d) of lysosomal enzymes and lysosomal membrane components and (e) of autophagy effectors detected in proteomics of human fibroblasts (n = 4 biologically independent samples) and reprogrammed hiPSCs, (n = 7 biologically independent samples). f Representative immunoblots of hiPSCs and their parental fibroblasts probed with anti-MYC, anti-HDAC2, anti-NEU1 and anti-LAMP1 antibodies. Boxes represent the mean value and bar inside the box represents median value; upper bar represents maximum of distribution; lower bar represents minimum of distribution (95% confidence level). Graphs are shown as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001
