Fig. 4

Carbon dioxide reduction over copper–cuprous oxide electrodes prepared using ligands two to six. a The total current density at different applied potentials; b Faradaic efficiencies of the C2 products at applied potential of −0.4 V vs RHE. c, d Dependence of partial current density of acetic acid and ethanol on overpotential, respectively. Data were collected at room temperature and ambient pressure; electrolyte, 0.1 M KCl; CO2 stream, 5 sccm