Fig. 2

Robust divergence across dynamical states and circuit scale. a1 Population raster plot and population peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) for all 31,346 neurons in the microcircuit, during spontaneous activity. Neurons are ordered according to cortical depth, with deep layers at the bottom and upper layers at the top. Each row represents the spikes of one neuron. For visibility, raster lines extend over dozens of rows for each neuron. For t < t₀, the top and bottom raster plots show the same simulation, whereas for t > t₀, the raster plots depict two simulations resuming from identical initial conditions at t₀, but using different random number seeds. a2 Same as a, but for supercritical activity. a3 r_V across dynamical regimes (20 saved base states, mean ± 95% confidence interval; same as Fig. 1d for [Ca²⁺]_o = 1.25 mM. b1 The microcircuit (center, blue), surrounded by six other microcircuits (gray), forming a continuous mesocircuit of ~220,000 neurons, with no boundary effects between the circuits. b2 r_V for the center microcircuit when simulated without surrounding circuits (black), and of the center microcircuit when simulated as a mesocircuit (orange) (microcircuit: 40 saved base states; mesocircuit: 20 saved base states; mean ± 95% confidence interval). b3 Quantifying edge effects. Difference of r_V between the same neurons in the microcircuit and the mesocircuit at 10–20 ms, plotted according to distance from horizontal center (mean ± 95% confidence interval). c Similarity s_r at 10–20 ms for subsets of neurons grouped by in-degree (bin size: 50; mean ± 95% confidence interval)