Fig. 6

Mechanism for photo-coupled electrochemical and electrochemical CO2 reduction. a The difference between photocurrent response at −0.8 V and 0 V on HNTM-Au-SA, HNTM-Au-NP, and HNTM. b Tafel plots of HNTM-Co-SA under visible light (red line)/dark (black line). c EIS spectra of HNTM-Co-SA in Ar-(blue line)/CO2-saturated 0.1 M KHCO3 under visible light (red line)/dark (black line). d The electron transfer pathways under visible light and dark are shown in the left and right parts, respectively. e Transition orbital of T1 state under visible light. f Schematic representation of the excited states of porphyrin-Au