Fig. 4
From: Zika virus replicates in adult human brain tissue and impairs synapses and memory in mice
ZIKV triggers brain inflammation and microgliosis in adult mice. Adult mice received an i.c.v. infusion of 105 PFU ZIKV, UV-inactivated ZIKV or mock medium. a Brains were processed for determination of the expression of IL-1β (a F(2,38) = 4.878, *p <0.0001, ZIKV-infected vs mock-infused mice at 6dpi, two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni; N = 8 (1 dpi), 6 (6 dpi), and 3 (30 dpi) (mock); 5 (1 and 6 dpi) and 3 (60 dpi) (inactivated-ZIKV); and 8 (1 dpi), 6 (6 dpi) and 3 (30 dpi) (ZIKV)mice) or TNF-α (b F(2,37) = 13.62, *p < 0.0001, ZIKV-infected vs mock-infused mice at 6 dpi; two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni; N = 5 (1 dpi), 7 (6 dpi) and 6 (30 dpi)(mock); 5 (1 dpi), 4 (6 dpi), and 2 (60 dpi) (inactivated-ZIKV) and 8 (1 dpi), 6 (6 dpi) and 3 (60 dpi) (ZIKV)mice. c Integrated Iba-1 immunoreactivities (optical density) in the hippocampi of ZIKV-infected mice at 6, 30, or 60 dpi (F(2,10) = 0.2612, 6 dpi: *p = 0.0110, 30 dpi: #p = 0.0554; two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni compared to mock-infused mice at the same time point; N = 3 (mock) and 4 (ZIKV) mice at 7 dpi; 4 mice/group at 30 dpi and 5 (mock) and 4 (ZIKV) mice at 60 dpi). d Iba-1 positive cells in the hippocampi of mice at 6 dpi (t = 4.507; *p = 0.0028; Student’s t-test; N = 5 (mock)and 4 (ZIKV) mice). e Maximum-minimum Feret index in microglia in hippocampi of mock-infused or ZIKV-infected mice at 6dpi (t = 5.205; *p = 0.002; N = 4 mice/group). f, g Representative images of Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampi of mock-infused (f) or ZIKV-infected (g) mice at 6dpi. Scale bar = 300 μm. h, i Higher magnification images of the regions defined by dashed white rectangles in panels f and g, respectively. Scale bar = 50 μm. j Representative images illustrating perivascular cuffings (top) and microglial nodules (bottom) in hippocampi of ZIKV-infused mice at 6 dpi. Scale bar = 20 μm. k–n Representative images of TEMEM119 immunolabeling in hippocampal CA1 region (k, l) and in DG (m, n) of mock-infused or ZIKV-infected mice at 6dpi. Scale bar = 50 μm. o Integrated TMEM119 immunoreactivities (optical densities) in the hippocampi of mice at 6 dpi (t(1,5) = 2.435; #p = 0.059, Student’s t-test); N = 3 (mock) and 4 (ZIKV) mice. Bars represent means ± SEM. Symbols correspond to individual mice. p–r Representative dot plot (p) and frequency of quiescent microglia (CD11b+CD45int cells; q, and activated myeloid cells (CD11b+CD45high cells; r in brains of mock- or ZIKV-infused mice at 6 dpi (q N = 6 (mock) and 4 (ZIKV) mice; r t = 14.03; *p < 0.0001; Student’s t-test; N = 6 (mock) and 4 (ZIKV) mice). s–u Representative dot plot (s) and frequencies of CD4 (t) and CD8-positive (u) cells in brains of mock- or ZIKV-infused mice at 6 dpi (t t = 3.072; *p = 0.0133; u t = 2.242; #p = 0.0517; N = 6 (mock) and 5 (ZIKV) mice; Student’s t-test). Bars represent means ± SEM; Symbols represent individual mice (a–o) or a pool of two mice (p–u). Source data from panels a–e, o, q, r, t, u are provided as Source Data File
