Fig. 1
From: Metabolic perceptrons for neural computing in biological systems
Whole-cell actuator and metabolic transducers. a Designed synthetic metabolic circuits using Retropath36 or Sensipath37 consist of a transducer layer and an actuator layer. b Open-loop circuit construction of the benzoate actuator, which is used downstream of transducer metabolic circuits in this work. For the open-loop circuit, the gene encoding transcription factor (TF) is expressed constitutively under control of the promoter J23101 and RBS B0032. c Dose-response plot of the open-loop circuit for the benzoate actuator. The gray curve is a model-fitted curve (see Methods section) for the open-loop circuit. d–f Whole-cell metabolic transducers for hippurate (d), cocaine (e) and benzaldehyde (f) represented in dose-response plots (orange circles) and their associated dose-response when there is no enzyme present (blue circles). The blue dotted lines refer to the maximum signal from the actuator (c). The transducer output, benzoate, is reported through the open-loop circuit actuator. The genes encoding the enzymes are expressed under constitutive promoter J23101 and RBS B0032. All data points and the error bars are the mean and standard deviation of normalized values from measurements taken from three different colonies on the same day. Source data are provided in the Source Data file
