Fig. 1
From: Fungal dissemination is limited by liver macrophage filtration of the blood
The dynamics of the capture of circulating C. neoformans in the liver. IVM was performed on the liver of mice (n = 5 mice) following i.v. injection of 100 × 106 GFP-labeled C. neoformans H99 via the tail vein. a A series of images taken by IVM showing the same field of view after injection. Time in minutes and seconds after injection is shown in the images. Upper panel: a sudden stop of the yeast cells in the liver. Arrows indicate the moving yeast cells; arrowheads indicate the same yeast cells arrested in the next frame (1.2 s later). Lower panel: release of an arrested yeast cell. Arrowhead in the left image indicates an arrested yeast cell; arrow in the middle image indicates the same yeast cells leaving in the next frame (1.2 s later); arrowhead in the right image indicates absence of the yeast cells 2.5 s later. b Representative IVM images showing that C. neoformans (green) was arrested in liver sinusoids (endothelial cells were labeled with anti-PECAM-1 mAb; red) after i.v. infection with GFP-labeled C. neoformans. Upper panel: 2D image; lower panel: 3D image. c The number of captured and free C. neoformans in a field of view at various time points after injection. At indicated time points, the number of yeast cells captured (being stationary for >3 s) and free yeast cells traveling in the bloodstream were counted. Data are from biologically different mice (n = 5 mice, one FOV per mouse). d PE conjugated anti-F4/80 mAb was injected into the tail vein for staining of liver KCs (red); most yeast cells (green) were associated with KCs. Scale bars: 25 µm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of two independent experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file
