Fig. 1
From: Arctigenin attenuates diabetic kidney disease through the activation of PP2A in podocytes
ATG treatment mitigates proteinuria and glomerular injury in diabetic eNOS−/− mice. a Diabetes was induced in 8-week old eNOS−/− mice with streptozotocin (+STZ). Vehicle-injected mice were used as nondiabetic controls (−STZ). Mice were treated with arctigenin (ATG) or vehicle by oral gavage daily at 40 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks, starting at 10 weeks post diabetes induction. All mice were killed at 18 weeks post diabetes induction. b Analysis of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), n = 6 per group. c Representative images of periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-stained kidneys. Scale bar, 20 μm. d Quantification of the glomerular area and mesangial area fraction in diabetic and control eNOS−/− mice, n = 6 per group. ****P < 0.0001 when compared with nondiabetic controls, ####P < 0.0001 when compared with vehicle-treated diabetic eNOS−/− mice by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis. The data are represented as mean ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file
