Fig. 6

CO₂RR activity of the Bi_xSn_1−x nano-alloy catalysts. a Linear sweep voltammetry (scan rate: 5 mV s⁻¹) of the eutectic sample in CO₂ and Ar saturated 0.1 M KHCO₃. The inset shows a chronoamperometric j–t curve at an applied potential of −1.2 V vs. RHE. b Dependence of \({\mathrm{FE}}_{{\mathrm{HCOO}}^{-}}\) with applied potential for the eutectic sample in CO₂ saturated 0.1 M KHCO₃. The inset shows the dependence of FE_H2 and FE_CO of the eutectic nano-alloy over the same potential range. c Comparison of \({{j}}_{{\mathrm{HCOO}}^{-}}\) of different Bi–Sn nano-alloy samples as a function of the applied potential in CO₂ saturated 0.1 M KHCO₃