Fig. 8

Three TJ⁺/Per⁺ GABAergic neurons per segment impact locomotor speed. a Number of peristaltic waves per 30 s at (23 °C) and (31 °C) temperatures done by larvae expressing TrpA1 in three TJ⁺/Per⁺ GABAergic neurons per segment (green–blue dot plot) versus controls that do not express TrpA1 (gray dot plot). Activation of the TJ⁺/Per⁺ GABAergic population (three cells per segments) leads to a decrease (albeit non-significant) in the number of peristaltic waves done by third instar larvae (second green–blue dot plot). Error bars indicate the mean ± SD and n the number of larvae tested. Statistical test: Kruskall–Wallis. ns = non-significant. b, c Superimposition of three consecutive time frames (0, 2, and 4 s) showing the postures of third instar control larvae (b) and upon activation of the TJ⁺/Per⁺ GABAergic population (c). d Speed of larvae expressing TrpA1 in three TJ⁺/Per⁺ GABAergic neurons (green–blue dot plot) versus their respective controls that do not express TrpA1 (gray dot plot). e Body angle (in radian) of larvae expressing TrpA1 in three TJ⁺/Per⁺ GABAergic neurons (green–blue dot plot) versus their respective controls that do not express TrpA1. d, e Statistical analysis: Z-test. ***p ≤ 0.001. **p ≤ 0.01. ns = non-significant