Table 3 Results of antimicrobial susceptibility and mutation analysis of experimental evolution in Shigella sonnei

From: Dissecting the molecular evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella sonnei

Conditiona

MIC-CIP (μg/mL)

MIC-NAL (μg/mL)

Resistance mutations

Other mutationsd

Genomic deletion

cipS-VN: D0b

0.25

64 (sat)

   

cipS-VN: M9-A

0.19

64 (sat)

 

cysE (P252S)

 

cipS-VN: M9-B

0.25

64 (sat)

 

cysE (P252T); clpA (T374I); metJ (D76N, A61E); rpoS (Q161P)

 

cipS-VN: NAL-A

0.5

>256

emrRc (fs); parE (P571S)

cysE (A33E); cysE (S249R); cysB (P145L)

 

cipS-VN: NAL-B

0.38

>256

acrR (fs); emrR (fs)

cysE (Q228K); dinG (fs, 2 a.a deletion); metJ (R78P, A13T)

 

cipS-VN: CIP-A

0.38

>256

parE (S458L)

cysE (fs); cysE (P252T)

treF-yhjA-yhi-hde-slp-iucABCD-iutA

cipS-VN: CIP-B

0.75

>256

parE (2 a.a insertion)

cysE (M256I)

treF-yhjA-yhi-hde-slp-iucABCD-iutA

cipR-VN: D0

8

>256

   

cipR-VN: M9-A

8

NA

 

rpoS (R277L); iucA (stop codon)

 

cipR-VN: M9-B

6

NA

 

rpoS (R301H); iucD (L113P); ycjC (P47S); SSON_2732 (2 a.a insertion)

 

cipR-VN: NAL-A

12

NA

emrR (fs)

SSON_1790 (stop codon); hemX (fs)

 

cipR-VN: NAL-B

8

NA

emrR (I27 deletion)

SSON_2588 (A93T)

 

cipR-VN: CIP-A

16 (sat)

NA

rob (G245R)

eutQ (fs)

 

cipR-VN: CIP-B

16 (sat)

NA

rob (Q194K) emrR (fs)

SSON_1804 (N200K)

 
  1. fs frameshift mutation
  2. aIn all conditions, selected strains were cultured in minimal M9 medium supplemented with glucose and niacin (25 μg/mL) with the addition of: (1) M9-A/B: no antimicrobial, (2) NAL-A/B: the same concentration of nalidixic acid (256 μg/mL). (3) CIP-A/B: ciprofloxacin in concentrations of half the corresponding MIC of the respective strain (0.125 μg/mL for cipS-VN and 4 μg/mL for cipR-VN). cipS-VN indicates the use of a ciprofloxacin-sensitive S. sonnei (gyrA-S83L; Global III clade) strain and cipR-VN indicates the use of a ciprofloxacin-resistant S. sonnei (gyrA-S83L, gyrA-D87G and parC-S80I; CenAsiaIII clade) strain. (sat): satellite colonies grown inside the zone of inhibition.
  3. bD0: initial condition on day 0.
  4. cMutations in bold indicate those that appear to be fixed in the examined population.
  5. dExcluding synonymous mutations, and mutations found in intergenic regions and repetitive genetic elements.